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Search results (82)

  • 2010 | HC/E/PL 1188 | European Court of Human Rights (ECrtHR) |
    Serghides c. Pologne (Requête No 31515/04)
    Languages
    Full text download FR
    Summary available in EN | FR | ES
    Grounds

    European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR)

    Article(s)

    3 4 11 12 13(1)(a) 13(1)(b) 13(2) 14 13(3)

    Ruling

    By a 4:3 majority: No infringement of Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights.

  • 2009 | HC/E/FR 1134 | FRANCE | Appellate Court |
    CA Poitiers, 6 mai 2009, No de RG 09/00305
    Languages
    No full text available
    Summary available in EN | FR
    Grounds

    Removal and Retention - Arts 3 and 12 | Grave Risk - Art. 13(1)(b) | Procedural Matters

    Order

    Appeal allowed, return ordered

    Article(s)

    3 4 5 13(1)(a) 13(1)(b) 13(2)

    Ruling

    Appeal allowed, return ordered. The retention was wrongful and the exceptions raised inapplicable.

  • 2018 | HC/E/CA 1389 | CANADA | Superior Appellate Court
    Office of the Children’s Lawyer v. Balev, 2018 SCC 16
    Languages
    Full text download EN | FR
    Summary available in EN
    Grounds

    Interpretation of the Convention | Habitual Residence - Art. 3 | Objections of the Child to a Return - Art. 13(2) | Procedural Matters

    Order

    Guidance on the application of the Convention issued

    Article(s)

    1 2 3 4 5 11 12 13(2) 19

    Synopsis

    2 children retained at ages 11 and 8 – Nationals of Canada – Married parents – Father national of Canada – Mother national of Canada – Father transferred physical custody in a notarised letter to the mother for the period April 2013 to August 2014, to allow the children to enroll in a Canadian school – Children lived in Germany until April 2013 – Application for return filed with the Central Authority of Germany on 11 April 2014 – Return decision of the Court of Appeal of Ontario of 13 September 2016 was appealed to the Supreme Court, but the children were returned to Germany before the Court rendered its judgment; despite the appeal being moot, the Court considered the issues raised to be important and in need of clarification – Main issues: interpretation of the Convention, habitual residence, objections of the child to a return, procedural matters – To ensure uniformity of State practice, courts should generally adopt the interpretation of the Convention that has gained the most support in other foreign domestic courts – The “hybrid approach” to determining habitual residence (which considers all relevant factual links and circumstances in their entirety, instead of focusing either on parental intention or the child’s acclimatisation) should be followed – Courts should adopt a non-technical and straightforward approach to considering the child’s objections to return – It is up to the judicial authorities to ensure that the State lives up to its obligations to act expeditiously under the 1980 Hague Child Abduction Convention – Convention proceedings should be judge-led, not party-driven, and judges should not hesitate to use their authority to expedite proceedings

  • 2016 | HC/E/JP 1429 | JAPAN | Appellate Court
    2016 (Ra) No. 445 Appeal case against dismissal of case seeking return of a child
    Languages
    No full text available
    Summary available in EN
    Grounds

    Habitual Residence - Art. 3 | Rights of Custody - Art. 3

    Order

    Appeal dismissed, return refused

    Article(s)

    3 4 13(1)(a) 20 12(2)

    Synopsis

    1 child (UK national) removed from Singapore to Japan ― Parents married in 2010, living together mostly in Singapore and briefly in Japan ― Father Singaporean national, mother Indian national ― Divorce in 2014 ― Father provided with access right, Mother with right to primarily care for the child and freely relocate with the child to Japan ― Mother went to Japan with the child and returned to Singapore in 2014 ― Failed access, Father sought a modification of the relocation clause and the modality of access ― Mother definitively removed the child to Japan in 2015 ― Assistance of the Central Authority of Japan revoked in 2016 ― The father filed a petition for the child’s return to the Osaka Family Court in 2016 ― Petition dismissed ― Appeal dismissed and return refused by the Osaka High Court in 2016 ― Main issues: Habitual residence of the child ― Rights of custody of the father or the Singaporean court.

  • 2019 | HC/E/NI 1549 | NICARAGUA | First Instance
    Sentencia No. 25-2019
    Languages
    Full text download
    Summary available in EN | ES
    Grounds

    Procedural Matters

    Order

    Return ordered

    Article(s)

    1 2 3 4 5 7 19 25

    Synopsis

    Wrongful retention of a 1-year-old boy – Costa Rican – unmarried parents – Nicaraguan father – Dominican mother – Joint custody rights – The boy lived in Costa Rica until January 2018 – The return request was filed before a Nicaraguan court in January 2019 – Return ordered – Main issues: procedural matters – The parents agreed that the child would return to Costa Rica in the company of his father once the latter was assured that he would not be criminally sanctioned for child abduction.

  • 2019 | HC/E/TT 1545 | TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO | Appellate Court
    A. W. and R. W. Family Appeal No 0010 of 2018
    Languages
    Full text download EN
    Summary available in EN | ES
    Grounds

    Habitual Residence - Art. 3 | Removal and Retention - Arts 3 and 12 | Grave Risk - Art. 13(1)(b) | Procedural Matters

    Order

    Appeal dismissed, return ordered

    Article(s)

    3 4 11 12 13(1)(b) 19

    Synopsis

    Wrongful retention of a child when she was 4 years old - Trinidadian - Trinidadian parents – Joint custody but primary and residential custody with the mother - Child lived in the United States for 2 years and 4 months until she was removed and wrongfully retained in Trinidad as from 15 July 2017 – The return application was filed before a Trinidadian Family Court on 28 November 2017 – Appeal dismissed, return ordered - Main issues: habitual residence, removal and retention, grave risk, procedural matters – The child’s habitual residence was found to be in the U.S. because that was the mother’s place of residence and the girl had lived there for a considerable time - Removal had not been wrongful since the father had a temporary timesharing order but retention was since it breached the mother’s right of custody – The exception in Article 13(1)(b) was not granted as mere financial discomfort was not grave enough 

  • 1987 | HC/E/UKs 192 | UNITED KINGDOM - SCOTLAND | First Instance |
    Viola v. Viola 1988 SLT 7, 1987 SCLR 529
    Languages
    Full text download EN
    Summary available in EN | FR | ES
    Grounds

    Grave Risk - Art. 13(1)(b)

    Order

    Return ordered

    Article(s)

    3 4 11 12 13(1)(b) 13(3)

    Ruling

    Return ordered; the standard required under Article 13(1)(b) to indicate that the child would face a grave risk of an intolerable situation had not been met.

  • 1997 | HC/E/UKs 194 | UNITED KINGDOM - SCOTLAND | Appellate Court |
    Robertson v. Robertson 1998 SLT 468
    Languages
    Full text download EN
    Summary available in EN | FR | ES
    Grounds

    Habitual Residence - Art. 3

    Order

    Appeal allowed, application dismissed

    Article(s)

    3 4 13(1)(a)

    Ruling

    Appeal allowed and application dismissed; the Lord Ordinary had incorrectly inferred that the father had consented to the children's relocation to Germany, thereby enabling them to acquire a habitual residence there.

  • 1997 | HC/E/UKs 196 | UNITED KINGDOM - SCOTLAND | First Instance |
    Singh v. Singh 1998 SLT 1084
    Languages
    No full text available
    Summary available in EN | FR | ES
    Grounds

    Habitual Residence - Art. 3 | Removal and Retention - Arts 3 and 12 | Objections of the Child to a Return - Art. 13(2)

    Article(s)

    3 4 12 13(1)(a) 13(2)

    Ruling

    Return refused in respect of the older child; the standard required under Article 13(2) had been met. Return ordered in respect of the younger child; the standard required under Article 13(2) had not been met.

  • 1999 | HC/E/IE 284 | IRELAND | Superior Appellate Court |
    H.I. v. M.G. [1999] 2 ILRM 1; [2000] 1 IR 110
    Languages
    Full text download EN
    Summary available in EN | FR | ES
    Grounds

    Rights of Custody - Art. 3

    Order

    Appeal allowed, application dismissed

    Article(s)

    1 3 4 5 15 21

    Ruling

    Appeal allowed and application dismissed; the removal of the child did not breach any rights of custody and was not therefore wrongful.

  • 1998 | HC/E/CNh 234 | CHINA (HONG KONG, SAR) | First Instance |
    S. v. S. [1998] 2 HKC 316
    Languages
    Full text download EN
    Summary available in EN | FR | ES
    Grounds

    Aims of the Convention - Preamble, Arts 1 and 2 | Grave Risk - Art. 13(1)(b) | Undertakings | Objections of the Child to a Return - Art. 13(2) | Procedural Matters

    Order

    Return ordered with undertakings offered

    Article(s)

    3 4 11 12 13(1)(b) 13(2)

    Ruling

    Return ordered and undertakings offered; the removal was wrongful and the standard required under Article 13(1)(b) to indicate that the child would face a grave risk of physical harm had not been met.

  • 2010 | HC/E/CA 1421 | CANADA - ONTARIO | First Instance
    J.D. v. P.D., 2010 ONCJ 410
    Languages
    Full text download EN
    Summary available in EN
    Grounds

    Rights of Custody - Art. 3 | Removal and Retention - Arts 3 and 12 | Grave Risk - Art. 13(1)(b) | Undertakings

    Order

    Return ordered with undertakings offered

    Article(s)

    3 4 5 12 13(1)(a) 13(1)(b) 16

    Synopsis

    3 children wrongfully removed at age 7 – Father national of the United Kingdom and Canada – Mother national of the United Kingdom and Canada – Both parents had rights of custody under the law of Scotland – Children lived in the United Kingdom until August 2009 – Application for return filed with the Central Authority of the Scotland on 20 October 2009 – Return ordered – Main issue(s): Rights of custody – Art. 3 – Father had rights of custody under the law of Scotland; there was no court order restricting his rights as a parent – Removal & Retention – Arts 3 and 12 – Children wrongfully removed, in breach of the father’s custody rights and without his consent. The father was exercising his rights despite the child protection investigation – Grave Risk – Art. 13(1)(b) –There is no grave risk. Social service agencies and court in Scotland will protect the children upon their return – Undertakings – Undertakings imposed to assist the return and to protect the children in the transitional period before the court in Scotland takes over. 

  • 2013 | HC/E/GE 1425 | GEORGIA | First Instance
    The return of a wrongfully retained minor to the Republic of Cyprus (Case No. 2 / 104-13
    Languages
    Full text download KA
    Summary available in EN
    Grounds

    Removal and Retention - Arts 3 and 12 | Grave Risk - Art. 13(1)(b)

    Order

    Return ordered

    Article(s)

    1 2 3 4 5 12 13(1)(a)

    Synopsis

    Child wrongfully retained at age 12 – Citizen of Georgia – Divorced parents – Father national of Georgia – Mother national of Greece – Parents had joint custody – Child lived in Cyprus from 2008 until August 2012 – Application for return was filed with the Central Authority on 18 December 2012 – Main issue: Article 3 – the child’s State of habitual residence was Cyprus and there was no evidence to support the use of one of the exceptions to return under the 1980 Convention.

  • 2015 | HC/E/JP 1427 | JAPAN | Appellate Court
    2015 (Ra) No. 708 Appeal case against an order for the return of a child
    Languages
    Full text download EN
    Summary available in EN
    Grounds

    Habitual Residence - Art. 3 | Removal and Retention - Arts 3 and 12 | Consent - Art. 13(1)(a) | Non-Convention Issues | Grave Risk - Art. 13(1)(b)

    Order

    Appeal dismissed, return ordered

    Article(s)

    3 4 13(1)(a) 13(1)(b) 12(2)

    Synopsis

    1 child removed at age 3 years  ― National of Canada and Japan ― Married parents ― Father and Mother married in Canada in 2009 and living there ― Joint custody at the time of wrongful retention ― Child lived in Canada until July 2013 ― Mother removed the child to Japan with Father’s consent ― A wrongful retention of the child after the entry into force of the Convention between Canada and Japan on 1 April 2014  ― Application for return filed with the courts of Japan in March 2015 ― Appeal dismissed and return ordered ― Main issues: Article 3 Habitual residence of the child ― The initial time of the wrongful retention ― Article 13(1)(a) Prior consent or subsequent approval by the father ― Abuse of rights by the father.

  • 2016 | HC/E/CH 1442 | SWITZERLAND | Superior Appellate Court
    Decision of the Federal Supreme Court 5A_293/2016 of 8 August 2016
    Languages
    Full text download DE
    Summary available in EN
    Grounds

    Habitual Residence - Art. 3 | Consent - Art. 13(1)(a) | Rights of Custody - Art. 3 | Grave Risk - Art. 13(1)(b)

    Order

    Appeal dismissed, return ordered

    Article(s)

    1 3 4 5 13(1)(a) 13(1)(b)

    Synopsis

    Two children wrongfully removed at ages nine and seven – Married parents – Shared parental custody – Children lived in Spain until 5 February 2016 – Application for return filed with the courts of Switzerland on 17 February 2016 –Application dismissed – Main issue(s): Habitual residence - is understood to mean the actual centre of the child's life, which is determined by the factual circumstances; Consent - the departure of the spouse does not require any approval by the other; the only thing requiring approval is the change of the children's place of residence abroad; Grave risk - must be interpreted restrictively: meaning a serious danger, initial language and reintegration difficulties typically do not constitute a serious danger.

  • 2018 | HC/E/CA 1416 | CANADA | First Instance
    Mbuyi v. Ngalula, 2018 MBQB 176
    Languages
    Full text download EN
    Summary available in EN
    Grounds

    Removal and Retention - Arts 3 and 12 | Consent - Art. 13(1)(a) | Grave Risk - Art. 13(1)(b)

    Order

    Return ordered

    Article(s)

    1 3 4 Preamble 12 13(1)(a) 13(1)(b)

    Synopsis

    2 children wrongfully retained at ages 1 and 2 – Married parents – Father national of the United States – Mother national of Canada – Both parents had rights of custody under the laws of Iowa – Children lived in the United State until 16 June 2018 – Application for return filed with the Central Authority of the United States on 18 August 2018 – Return ordered – Main issues: Article 3 -  children habitually resident in the United States, father had rights of custody and had only agreed to a one month stay in Canada, retention was therefore wrongful - Article 13(1)(a) Consent & Acquiescence – Exception not established, there is no “clear and cogent evidence of unequivocal consent or acquiescence” - Article 13(1)(b) Grave Risk – Exception not established, measures of protection are available in Iowa.

  • 2020 | HC/E/FR 1454 | FRANCE
    Arrêt n°462 du 12 juin 2020 (19-24.108) - Cour de Cassation - Première chambre civile
    Languages
    Full text download FR
    No summary available
    Grounds

    Habitual Residence - Art. 3

    Order

    Case remitted to lower court

    Article(s)

    3 4

    Synopsis

    One child allegedly wrongfully retained at age one month – Married parents – Father national of Greece – Mother national of Switzerland – Child was born in Greece and went to France when he was one month old  – Case remitted to lower court – Main issue: Article 3 – habitual residence of an infant. Given the very young age of the child and the circumstances in which he arrived in France at only one month old and the fact that he has stayed there since with his mother, it was the responsibility of the judges in the lower courts to see if his social and family environment, and so the centre of his life, was in France, notwithstanding the initial intention of the parents regarding the return of the mother and child to Greece after their stay in France.

  • 2020 | HC/E/IL 1466 | ISRAEL | Appellate Court
    Family Appeal 10701-04-20 R. v B.R.
    Languages
    Full text download EN
    Summary available in EN
    Grounds

    Habitual Residence - Art. 3 | Grave Risk - Art. 13(1)(b) | Procedural Matters | Undertakings

    Order

    Appeal dismissed, return ordered with undertakings offered

    Article(s)

    3 4 13(1)(b) 14

    Ruling

    The Court dismissed the appeal and ordered the return of the child: the habitual residence of the child was in the United States, the retention was wrongful and none of the exceptions had been proved to the standard required under the Convention.

  • 2015 | HC/E/CA 1362 | CANADA - BRITISH COLUMBIA | Appellate Court
    Sampley v. Sampley 2015 BCCA 113
    Languages
    Full text download EN
    No summary available
    Grounds

    Acquiescence - Art. 13(1)(a) | Habitual Residence - Art. 3 | Grave Risk - Art. 13(1)(b)

    Order

    Appeal dismissed, return ordered

    Article(s)

    3 4 13(1)(a) 13(1)(b) 31

    Synopsis

    1 child wrongfully retained at age 2 - Married parents - Father national of the United States of America - Mother national of Canada - Child lived in the United States of America until 2013 - Application for return filed in 2013 - Return ordered - Main issue: Habitual residence, acquiescence and the Art.13(1)(b) grave risk exception to return - The application of the Art. 13(1)(b) exception requires the child’s exposure to a high degree, intensity and frequency of physical or psychological abuse - A return order that does not deliver the child and parent directly to the left-behind parent upon return diminishes the risk of incidents of domestic abuse occurring, while ensuring that the appropriate forum adjudicates the merits of custody and access issues

  • 2013 | HC/E/CL 1318 | CHILE | Superior Appellate Court
    N. R. c. J. M. A. V. s/reintegro de hijo
    Languages
    Full text download ES
    Summary available in EN | ES
    Grounds

    Habitual Residence - Art. 3 | Rights of Custody - Art. 3 | Grave Risk - Art. 13(1)(b)

    Order

    Appeal allowed, return ordered

    Article(s)

    1 3 4 13(1)(a) 13(1)(b)

    Ruling

    Appeal allowed, return ordered. The mother's allegation of grave risk was not found to be proved.