CASO

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Nombre del caso

Decision of Federal Court 5A_756/2023 of 10 November 2023

Referencia INCADAT

HC/E/CH 1592

Tribunal

País

Suiza

Instancia

última instancia

Estados involucrados

Estado requirente

Israel

Estado requerido

Suiza

Fallo

Fecha

10 November 2023

Estado

Definitiva

Fundamentos

Grave riesgo - art. 13(1)(b) | Funciones de las Autoridades Centrales - arts. 6 - 10

Fallo

Apelación desestimada, restitución ordenada

Artículo(s) del Convenio considerados

7 13(1)(b)

Artículo(s) del Convenio invocados en la decisión

7 13(1)(b)

Otras disposiciones

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Jurisprudencia | Casos referidos

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Publicado en

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SUMARIO

Sumario disponible en EN | FR

Facts

At the time of the alleged unlawful detention, the children were 2 years old and 3 months old respectively. The parents were married and had joint parental authority. The parents lived together in Israel. In July 2022, the family travelled to Switzerland to visit the children's maternal grandparents. It was planned that the father would return to Israel earlier than the mother and children. Before the father's departure, the mother informed the father that she did not intend to return to Israel with the children. 

In mid-January 2023, the father filed an application for return with the cantonal court of the canton of Fribourg (hereinafter: the cantonal court) and requested that the return to Israel be ordered. His application was rejected by the cantonal court on 9 March 2023. The father appealed against this decision to the Federal Court. On 26 April 2023, the Federal Court set aside the cantonal court's decision and instructed the court to determine whether the children could be returned to Israel to a neutral location. In its ruling of 22 September 2023, the cantonal court ordered the return of the children to Israel, accompanied by their mother. The court specified that the children should be returned to a place of residence chosen by the mother. 

At the beginning of October 2023, the mother lodged an appeal with the Federal Court, seeking to have the ruling set aside. Two days after the appeal was lodged, Israel declared a state of war with its armed forces.

Ruling

The Federal Court rejected the appeal and upheld the cantonal court's decision ordering the children's return to Israel. However, it stated that given the current situation in Israel, it would be up to the competent enforcement authority to organise the safe return of the children, accompanied by their mother, as soon as the situation allowed.

Grounds

Grave Risk - Art. 13(1)(b)

The Federal Court held that if the mother could be assured of a neutral, safe and financially sustainable place to live outside the father's home, her return to Israel could not be considered intolerable within the meaning of Article 13(1)(b) of the CLaH 80. In the present case, the mother would benefit from a network since she had been able to instruct lawyers in Israel to defend her in the ongoing divorce proceedings. In addition, the return of the mother and children is conditional on the payment (by the father) of a sum guaranteeing their financial needs for four months. 

According to the Federal Court, when the return of the children is envisaged exclusively with the abducting parent, it is accepted that, if the latter risks detention in the country of origin, return cannot be demanded there. However, this presupposes a concrete risk of a criminal nature in the event of return to Israel. The fear that the father would file a criminal complaint if the mother returned to Israel was not sufficiently established by the mother. Similarly, the fact that the Israeli authorities require a voluntary return or a return in execution of a judgment rendered in application of the 1980 Convention for criminal proceedings to be completely excluded does not imply a sufficiently concrete risk.

Role of the Central Authorities - Arts 6 - 10

he role of the Central Authorities is to cooperate with each other and to promote collaboration between the competent authorities in their respective States in order to ensure the immediate return of the children. Tasks such as actively seeking accommodation in Israel so that the mother can return to Israel with her children are therefore beyond the role of the Swiss central authority. Furthermore, the role of the central authority does not include examining or acting on the allegations made under Article 13(1)(b).

Author: Kathrin Burger