HC/E/CA 1122
Canada
Première instance
États-Unis d'Amérique
Canada
11 April 2008
Définitif
Droit de garde - art. 3 | Consentement - art. 13(1)(a) | Acquiescement - art. 13(1)(a) | Risque grave - art. 13(1)(b) | Engagements
Retour refusé
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The mother had applied for custody in New York and had been granted an interim order. In doing so, she had invoked the jurisdiction of the New York court over the child. Removing the child to Ontario breached the rights of custody of the New York court contrary to Article 3 of the Convention.
She had intended to return to New York to deal with the issue of custody on its merits, but was afraid to do so due to the conduct of the father. A non-removal clause was not required for the New York court to retain its jurisdiction over the child, although it would have strengthened the father's case. The removal was therefore wrongful.
The father did not know that the mother was leaving New York with the child and so could not have consented to the removal.
The Ontarian Court rejected the mother's argument that the father acquiesced in the retention of the child in Ontario because he took no steps to have her returned. After contacting the maternal grandmother, the father hired a private investigator to locate the mother and child.
Soon after they were found, he made his application for return. The Court held that the time spent locating the mother and commencing proceedings could not be considered acquiescence in the retention of the child in Ontario.
The father already had two convictions for domestic violence and a third conviction was pending. The first conviction related to an incident in 2005 when he broke the mother's mobile phone in response to her receiving an innocent e-mail from another man. The second incident occurred in June 2006 and resulted in bruising to the mother's arms. The father received a one year conditional discharge.
The mother alleged that the father assaulted her eight days before the baby was born but no charges were brought. The latest charges related to an alleged assault of the mother while she was holding the child and an abusive telephone call overheard by a police officer in which he threatened the mother. This was approximately five weeks after the birth of the child.
The Court noted that the father was innocent of these charges until proven guilty but found it difficult to accept that the events leading to them were part of normal arguments as asserted by the father. Returning the child to New York therefore exposed the child to a grave risk of harm.
The Court held that any undertaking would be insufficient to protect the mother and child given the father's history of breaching protection orders which prohibited any contact with the mother.
Authors of the summary: Jamie Yule & Peter McEleavy
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Preparation of INCADAT case law analysis in progress.