AFFAIRE

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Nom de l'affaire

Lombardi v. Mehnert, 2008 ONCJ 164

Référence INCADAT

HC/E/CA 1122

Juridiction

Pays

Canada

Degré

Première instance

États concernés

État requérant

États-Unis d'Amérique

État requis

Canada

Décision

Date

11 April 2008

Statut

Définitif

Motifs

Droit de garde - art. 3 | Consentement - art. 13(1)(a) | Acquiescement - art. 13(1)(a) | Risque grave - art. 13(1)(b) | Engagements

Décision

Retour refusé

Article(s) de la Convention visé(s)

3 13(1)(a) 13(1)(b)

Article(s) de la Convention visé(s) par le dispositif

13(1)(b)

Autres dispositions

-

Jurisprudence | Affaires invoquées

-

INCADAT commentaire

Mécanisme de retour

Droit de garde
Droit de garde confié à un tribunal
Sources du droit de garde

Mise en œuvre & difficultés d’application

Mesures facilitant le retour de l’enfant
Engagements

RÉSUMÉ

Résumé disponible en EN | FR

Facts

The application concerned a child born in New York on 18 May 2007. The parents had been in an on off relationship since October 2004 and had lived together only briefly. They were unmarried. The relationship was characterised by the father's verbal and physical abuse of the mother and his persistent breach of protection orders. He had at least two convictions for domestic violence.

The mother went with the child to a shelter on 22 June 2007. She alleged that the father had assaulted her the previous day. The mother remained at the shelter until she obtained an interim custody order from the New York court. Soon after, she left New York and went to Ontario with the child. The father applied for the return of the child on 7 November 2007.

Ruling

Removal wrongful but return refused; Article 13(1)(b) had been proved to the standard required under the Convention.

Grounds

Rights of Custody - Art. 3


The mother had applied for custody in New York and had been granted an interim order. In doing so, she had invoked the jurisdiction of the New York court over the child. Removing the child to Ontario breached the rights of custody of the New York court contrary to Article 3 of the Convention.

She had intended to return to New York to deal with the issue of custody on its merits, but was afraid to do so due to the conduct of the father. A non-removal clause was not required for the New York court to retain its jurisdiction over the child, although it would have strengthened the father's case. The removal was therefore wrongful.

Consent - Art. 13(1)(a)


The father did not know that the mother was leaving New York with the child and so could not have consented to the removal.

Acquiescence - Art. 13(1)(a)


The Ontarian Court rejected the mother's argument that the father acquiesced in the retention of the child in Ontario because he took no steps to have her returned. After contacting the maternal grandmother, the father hired a private investigator to locate the mother and child.

Soon after they were found, he made his application for return. The Court held that the time spent locating the mother and commencing proceedings could not be considered acquiescence in the retention of the child in Ontario.

Grave Risk - Art. 13(1)(b)


The father already had two convictions for domestic violence and a third conviction was pending. The first conviction related to an incident in 2005 when he broke the mother's mobile phone in response to her receiving an innocent e-mail from another man. The second incident occurred in June 2006 and resulted in bruising to the mother's arms. The father received a one year conditional discharge.

The mother alleged that the father assaulted her eight days before the baby was born but no charges were brought. The latest charges related to an alleged assault of the mother while she was holding the child and an abusive telephone call overheard by a police officer in which he threatened the mother. This was approximately five weeks after the birth of the child.

The Court noted that the father was innocent of these charges until proven guilty but found it difficult to accept that the events leading to them were part of normal arguments as asserted by the father. Returning the child to New York therefore exposed the child to a grave risk of harm.

Undertakings

The Court held that any undertaking would be insufficient to protect the mother and child given the father's history of breaching protection orders which prohibited any contact with the mother.

Authors of the summary: Jamie Yule & Peter McEleavy

INCADAT comment

Rights of Custody held by a Court

Preparation of INCADAT commentary in progress.

Sources of Custody Rights

Preparation of INCADAT case law analysis in progress.

Undertakings

Preparation of INCADAT case law analysis in progress.